Development of sorghum and millet production systems in. Pearl millet is a climate hardy crop which is grown in harsh conditions, but as a subsistence crop. Although welladapted to indiana climate and soils, grain sorghum is a minor crop in the state. Cotton, soybean, field corn, sorghum, wheat and pasture. First, identify the change in the et rate across the horizontal row and then identify the current growth stage in the left column. Grain sorghum information purdue university agronomy. According to the national sorghum producers, grain sorghum. A potential forage and biomass crop in north dakota. Row crop realistic yield potential crop yield units realistic yieldsacre corn grain bushels 100250 corn silage wet tons 1218 cotton bales peanuts lbs 3,200 rice bushels 144 164 sorghum grain bushels 80 140 sorghum silage wet tons 1218 soybeans bushels 2555 sweet potatoes cwt a 150160. Sorghum facet l herbicide can be applied preplant 22 fl ozacre or as a postemergence application to up to 12 inch tall sorghum 22 to 32 fl ozacre. Sorghum a grain, forage or sugar crop is among the most efficient crops in conversion of solar energy and use of water. Sorghum in the maradi region of niger from 2005 to 2010 in the early years of the introduction of the sepon 82 in the maradi region, the program flourished. It also tolerates a range of soil acidity from ph 5.
Sorghum is known as a highenergy, droughttolerant crop. Harvested from an area of 20 m ha in the semiarid regions of africa pearl millet contributes. The crop profilepmsp database, including this document, is supported by usda nifa. It is the dietary staple of more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries. The main importers of sorghum are japan, mexico, the former ussr cis and venezuela. Sorghum grows on a wide range of soils from light loams to heavy clays, but it thrives in light sandy soils kimber 2000. Pdf sorghum is a staple food crop for millions of poor people in the semiarid tropics of africa and asia. For example, corn rootworm larvae cannot survive on sorghum roots, so sorghum after corn can reduce the need for insecticide.
Windows doubleclick the zip folder, click extract, click extract all, and click extract when prompted to unzip the folder. Sorghum is among the most efficient crops in conversion of solar energy and use of water, and is very drought tolerant. More than 80 % of the global sorghum area is characterized by low yield levels contributing to slightly above half of total grain output whereas the rest comes from the developed world with high yield levels. Here are four sorghum facts, courtesy of the donald danforth plant science center in st. The goal is to obtain an optimal stand of healthy and actively growing cotton that initiates squaring 35 45 days after planting. Sweet varieties of sorghum are being used as a bioenergy crop. To manage the sorghum crop for maximum production, the producer must understand how the plant grows and develops and what factors affect its growth, development, and nutrient. University of missouri extension southeast missouri crop. United states department of agriculture silage sorghum. Development of sorghum and millet production systems in mali. Moench is a widely adapted sugar crop with high potential for bioenergy and ethanol production. Forage sorghum for rop rotationforage sorghum can be a good crop to use in rotations to break insect and disease cycles compared to continuous corn. Grain sorghum fertility management kansas state university.
A farmer is wise to consider the value of this n when determining his n fertilizer program for successive crops such as corn, sorghum, and wheat. Facet l herbicide also tank mixes well with other sorghum herbicides and is recommended in mixtures with 2,4d, atrazine, and clarity herbicide just to name a few. It is essential that producers know the crop they are cultivating in order to develop the most effective production practices. Grain sorghum is planted under dryland and irrigated conditions. On a one crop basis,sweet sorghum outproduces sugarcane because sweet sorghum matures within 100 to 120 days,while it takes the first sugarcane crop one year to mature. N, p, zn, and k have reliable soil tests to measure nutrient availability and predict fertilizer needs. The amount of n credit varies with crop, stand, yield, and other factors. This document describes the biology of sorghum bicolor l. Producers were able to increase their sorghum yields considerably by cultivating sepon 82. Grain sorghum performance trials in oklahoma oklahoma state. Factors that play a role in the choice of a forage crop. The spreadsheet uses the same format as the budgets contained in the pdf documents.
It is now widely cultivated in dry areas of africa, asia, the americas, europe and australia between latitudes of. The second highest sorghum production this year was due to the second highest. However, receding corn prices are causing farmers in these areas to reconsider sorghum, another grass crop thats grown worldwide. With late crops, midge will need to be managed by selecting midge4 n moore, l serafin, l jenkins 2014 grain sorghum. It is grown for home consumption unless there is a bumper crop, or if cash is needed.
Sorghum is a widely adaptable species that is cultivated as an annual cereal and forage crop in tropical, subtropical and. North dakota acreage 2010 forage sorghum sudan grass corn silage 20,7 12,160,266. The plants ability to produce the flag leaf sheath and is supported by the portion respectable yields under adverse growing conditions of the stalk called the peduncle. Broadcast and subsequent mechanica l incorporation of the sorghum seed is not allowed. Moench is the crop for grain for human and animal consumption. Selection of grain sorghum hybrids veteran sorghum producers remember going. N ratio cover crop that might include corn, sorghum, sunflower, or millet can provide soil cover after a low residue, low c. Alphabetical list of crops with botanical name and crop code crop name botanical name icc code previous code 1 abaca manila hemp musa textilis 92 2. One cycle of a wsf rotation using field averages wheat yield 60 bua, sorghum yield 110 buac stp 22 ppm, p 2 o. A few years ago, high corn prices pushed this widely grown grass crop into traditional sorghum growing areas. In the last 30 yrs, planting date was reduced 8 days from june, 14th 1981 to may 27th 2012 2018 western sorghum schools l.
Sorghum is a versatile, multiuse crop well suited for kansas. The 2012 colorado grain sorghum crop was estimated at 3. Assessment of genetic diversity and relationship among a. Choose autocrop to trim all the white margins automatically.
Doublecrop sorghum was a vital part of the states acres prior to the sugarcane aphid sca. This allows users to adjust for region and sitespecific production methods and input selections. Fe and zinc are the micronutrient most likely to be deficient in kansas for sorghum. Although a perennial plant by nature, grain sorghum is customarily grown as an annual crop. Important aspects regarding the establishment of fine seed forage crops. Pdf forage sorghum, the crop and its uses researchgate. However, it is quite tolerant of shallow soil and droughty conditions. Vanderlip sorghums importance as a feed grain has increased in the u. Producers should avoid practices that delay crop maturity some herbicides and excessive nitrogen and increase the attractiveness of cotton to lateseason insect pests.
Medium to heavy soils and relatively high rainfall allows this area to consistently produce significant sorghum yields. Fertile, welldrained soils are important to optimize. Row crop realistic yield potential crop yield units realistic yieldsacre corn grain bushels 100250 corn silage wet tons 1218 cotton bales peanuts lbs 3,200 rice bushels 144 164 sorghum grain bushels 80 140 sorghum silage wet tons 1218 soybeans bushels 2555 sweet potatoes cwt a. Grain sorghum has long since been a major grain crop for the texas panhandle and parts of kansas. Due to abnormal conditions at traditional planting periods, the number of doublecrop sorghum acres began to rise. Economic information is collected on each cgsrvp field to estimate crop expenditures and returns. It also finds a place in the highinput commercial farming sector as a feed crop, and is fast emerging as a biofuel crop. Globally, it produces approximately 70 million tons of grain from about 50 million ha o f land. Narrow row grain sorghum production in kansas pdf format. More tolerant to alkali or salty soils than corn high seedling. The 2016 colorado grain sorghum crop is estimated at 19.
If corns high input costs make you queasy, another grass crop exists that might fit some of your acres. Topdress or sidedress the remaining 70% of the k fertil izer when the crop reaches 1824 inches approximately 46 weeks after planting. Within most developing countries, the sorghum crop rarely reaches the market. Sorghum days after march 31st sorghum planting dates. This region produces 9% of the states total sorghum crop. All pages in the processed documents will be cropped equally. With the increased susceptibility to sca of later planted doublecrop sorghum, many of those acres were lost in previous years. Since purdue has conducted relatively little agronomic research on this crop, links are provided to grain sorghum information from other states where the crop is grown more widely.
This value represents the estimated total production of silage sorghum in the county divided by the. Crop removal the next step calculate crop removal depending on overunder applications after crop removal, soil test levels will change. A potential forage and biomass crop in north dakota marisol berti dept. County average yield the estimate of the average productivity per acre of silage sorghum for a previous crop year contained in the actuarial documents. Select the area you want to crop and choose crop to selection if you want to manually select the part of the document you want to crop. Information from the cgsrvp fields is used to improve and refine recommendations to meet the needs of arkansas grain sorghum farmers and identify areas which need additional research.
The major producers of sorghum for domestic or foreign trade are the usa, argentina and australia. It is a crop that can withstand substantial water shortage and produce acceptable yields as long as the growing season is favorable for its maturity. Root system the roots o f the sorghum plant can be divided into a primary and secondary root system. Understanding carbon to nitrogen ratios of crop residues. Sorghum will yield best on deep, fertile, welldrained loamy soils. This sorghum hybrid emphasis has been the focus of the national programs in mali and burkina faso with agra financing and icrisat research support over the last five years. Also on a volume basis,sweet sorghum has higher sugar content compared with sugarcane. The improved sorghum variety, trend and economic performance i. The economic impact of new sorghum and millet technology. The objectives of the study were to assess the genetic diversity and relationship among the us sweet sorghum cultivars and lines using ssr markers and to examine the genetic variability within sweet sorghum accessions for sugar content. Understanding sorghum yield components grain number is the main yield component highly associated with the final sorghum yield. General adaptation grain sorghum is grown chief ly in the great plains, where most of the tionrainfall occurs during the growing season.
N ration compared to crops such as corn, sorghum and wheat. Sorghum is the second most important cereal after maize with 22% of total cereal area. Cooperative extension service, university of arkansas grain sorghum production. Keeping signed records is the best way to document. Loamy soil sorghum can be grown successfully on clay, clay loam, or sandy loam soils. Scott stewart, professor, department of entomology and plant pathology angela mcclure, associate professor, department of plant sciences. N ratio crop such as pea or soybean, yet decompose during the next growing season to make nutrients available to the following crop.
Demand for sorghum and pearl millet as major food, feed and fodder crop continues to increase globally. Facet l herbicide also tank mixes well with other sorghum herbicides and is recommended in mixtures with 2,4d, atrazine, and. This chart can be used with readings from an etgage or other et reference. Wheat yield 60 bua, sorghum yield 110 buac stp 22 ppm, p 2 o 5 applied during seeding 30 lba wheat removal 60. Notill sorghum crops following winter cereals consistently yield 0. Grain sorghum can be grown on many different soils. Grain sorghum information purdue university agronomy extension.
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